Pepin The Short

Pepin the Short was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. He was the son of Charles Martel and the father of Charlemagne. Just before his death in 741, Charles Martel divided his Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, [...]

Saxon Wars

The Saxon Wars were the military campaigns carried out by Charlemagne from 772 against the Saxons, a confederation of Germanic tribes, which inhabited in what is today northwest of modern Germany. The objective of these campaigns was to christinize the pagans, as these people were then considered, and to expand the borders of the Frankish [...]

Saxons

The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes. The name Sak was used in antiquity to refer to the various tribes that inhabited the land northwest of what is today Germany between the Elbe and Ems rivers, including southern Jutland. Their modern-day descendants in Lower Saxony are considered ethnic Germans. Saxons took part in the [...]

Pepin of Herstal

Pepin, the Middle, of Herstal was the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy. He was the grandson of Pepin the Elder. He was born in Herstal (Belgium) in 640. The nickname "Middle" comes from the fact that he was the second of three Pepins that became Mayor of Palace and who belonged to the [...]

Franks

The Franks were a confederation of West Germanic tribes that lived in the 3rd century north and east of the Lower Rhine. Under the Merovingian dynasty, they founded one of the Germanic monarchies which replaced the Western Roman Empire from the 5th century. The Frankish state consolidated its hold over large parts of western Europe [...]

Celtic Invasion of Italia

  In 390 BC, several Gallic tribes invaded the Italic peninsula from the north. Although the Romans were unaware of this invasion at this time, who still had local security concerns, they were alerted when a branch of the invading Gauls, the Senones, burst into the Etruscan province of Siena from the north, laying siege [...]