In the 1790s, the French army pioneered the use of the division, a self-contained unit of several regiments combining infantry, cavalry, and artillery. As part of his new military tactics, Napoleon developed this concept further, establishing a system of army corps, each made up of several divisions. The corps system meant that parts of the [...]

The English tactics against Napoleon entailed the massive use of light infantry, specially from the late 1790s, and in 1800 an experimental corps was set up armed with new rifled muskets, more accurate than the prevailing smooth-bores. The defensive tactics of the English, led by the Duke of Wellington, were almost unmatched. They realized the [...]

The Manstein Plan was the German war plan executed by Army Group A in May 1940 through two military operations: Fall Gelb and Sichelschnitt. In the former the German forces advanced through the Ardennes (southern Belgium) and then swung up from Sedan toward the English Channel; in the latter, they swept across Holland and northern [...]

The Defense of the Reich was a World War II air campaign conducted by the Luftwaffe over Europe to protect German territory from Allied bombing raids. The Luftwaffe strategy was to prevent the German military, civil industries, and cities from being destroyed by Allied bombers. From 1940 to 1945, thousands of aircraft, most of them [...]

The Plan XVII was a French military plan drafted in 1911 by General Ferdinand Foch and adopted by the French General Staff in 1913. It was conceived during a period of rising political tensions in Europe known as the Armed Peace and as a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, in which France had [...]

Operation Rolling Thunder was the sustained United States aerial bombing campaign that was carried out by USAF’s 2nd Air Division, the US Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force against North Vietnam from February 24, 1965, to November 1, 1968, during the Vietnam War. Although the main rationale for this campaign was to force Ho [...]